Paul is aware of tensions between the Jewish Christians and the Gentile Christians in the church in Rome and some of the Gentiles questioning the importance of the Jews at that time. Paul explains the Jewish historical heritage which remains important. Jesus, the Messiah was a Jew and Paul himself.

Paul used many examples from the Old Testament to further his argument that God did not choose all Israel. All the way through their history a remnant remained faithful. Just like the clay cannot question the potter’s decision, we cannot question God’s decisions.

Paul develops his understanding of the gospel. Everyone falls short of God’s standard. With Christ, there is a new era; he has the power to rescue humanity. Paul uses imagery from the law courts, the slave market and the Temple sacrifice to explain Christ’s death on the cross

Stephen answered the charges against him by reminding the Sanhedrin of their history and that at every point the Jews had resisted God - just as they had done, when they rejected him. In an emotional response, Stephen was stoned to death becoming the first Christian martyr.

Jesus challenges the religious leaders about the Sabbath day and their attack on his character. He shows courage to face them and his brothers, who do not believe in him at this stage.

Following the discussions, Jesus takes three disciples up a mountain where he is transfigured. Moses and Elijah appear and God the Father speaks. This is an important event for Jesus and the disciples.

This discourse is only recorded in John's Gospel. It relates to the miracle of feeding 5000. Are the people following to see more miracles or do they want to truly identify with him, his suffering and the life he offers?

The Passover feast is explained. The role of the Temple with its corrupt trading is challenged. Jesus is introducing the New Covenant in which sacrifices and the Temple are no longer necessary.

John's identity is questioned, reflecting views about Messiah. He calls Jesus 'the Lamb of God' referring to the Passover lamb in the Old Testament. Like John, we are to point others to Jesus. The episode ends in Revelation and the future role of the Lamb.