Paul explains that the old covenant has been replaced by the new covenant in Jesus. The Law of Moses with its rules and priesthood was given for that time and only for Jews. The new covenant is for all and is based on a new relationship with God as its foundation through the work of the Holy Spirit.

Paul continues his teaching about idolatry and specifically eating food offered to idols. He teaches that there is no power in the food itself but in participating in the worship of idols by eating food known to have been offered for sacrifice. It is important to consider the witness to others.